متون روانشناسی به زبان انگلیسی یحیی سیدمحمدی

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خرید کتاب متون روانشناسی به زبان انگلیسی یحیی سیدمحمدی انتشارات روان

(Readings in psychology)

Contents (فهرست)

Chapter 1: The Nature and History of Psychology

Defining Psychology 

Goals of Psychology

Modern Approaches to Psychology

Psychobiological Approaches

Cognitive Approaches

Behavioral Approaches

Psychoanalytic Approaches

Humanistic Approaches

Previous Approaches 

Structuralism – Elements of the mind

Functionalism–Functions of the mind

Gestalt Approach — Perception of the mind

Behaviorism – Observable Behaviors

Careers in Psychology

How is Psychological Research Done?

Generating Hypotheses

Experiments

The Correlational Method

The Survey Method

The Case Study Method

Chapter 2: Development over the Life Span

Major Issues and Methods

Prenatal Development

Genetics and Sex Determination

Environmental Influences

The Newborn 

Sensory Development

Motor Development

Emotional Development

Temperament

Attachment

Childhood

Cognitive Development

Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development

Vygotsky: The Social Context of Cognitive

Development

Information Processing Approaches

Moral Development

Kohlberg’s Stage Model

Personality and Social Development

Erikson’s Psychosocial theory

Styles of Parenting

Adolescence

Physical Development and its Psychological

Consequences

Cognitive Development

Abstract Reasoning Abilities

Social and Personality Development

The Search for Identity

Adulthood

Physical Development

Cognitive Development

Information Processing and Memory

Intellectual Changes Stages and Critical Events in Social and Personality

Development

Marriage and Family

Death and Dying

Chapter 3: Learning

There Approaches to Learning

Classical Conditioning

Other Conditioning Concepts 

Generalization.. Discrimination Extinction

Spontaneous Recovery

Classical Conditioning: Two Explanations

Operant Conditioning 

Thorndike’s Law of Effect

Skinner’s Analysis of Operant Conditioning

Antecedent Conditions: Identifying When to Respond

Consequences: Determining How to Respond

Positive Reinforcement

Negative Reinforcement. Operant Extinction

Aversive Punishment

Response cost

Shaping and Chaining

Generalization and Discrimination

Schedules of Reinforcement

Fixed-Ratio Schedule

Variable-Ratio Schedule

Fixed-Interval Schedule

Variable-Interval Schedule. Escape and Avoidance Conditioning

Cognitive Learning

Observational Learning. Leaning versus Performance

Bandura’s Theory of Observational Learning

Insight Learning

Chapter 4: Thinking

Forming Concepts

Basic Element of Thought: Concepts, Propositions, Images

Problem Solving

Methods for Solving Problems: From Trial and Error

To Heuristics

Factors That Interfere With Effective Problem Solving

Creativity: Innovative Problem Solving

Chapter 5: Intelligence and Intelligence Tests

What is Intelligence

IQ Tests 

The Stanford-Binet Test

The Wechsler Tests

The Relationship Between IQ Tests and Intelligence

Spearman’s Psychometric Approach and the g Factor

Fluid Intelligence and Crystallized Intelligence

Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

The Standardization of IQ Tests

Evaluation of Tests

Reliability

Validity

Heredity, environment, and IQ Scores

Family Resemblances

Identical Twins Reared Apart

Adopted Children

Chapter 6: Motivation

Perspectives on Motivation

Instinct Theory and Modern Evolutionary Psychology

Homeostasis and Drive Theory

Incentive and Expectancy Theories.

Psychodynamic and Humanistic Theories

Hunger

The Physiology of Hunger

Sensation-Seeking

Achievement Motivation

otivational Conflict.

Chapter 7: Emotion, Stress, and Health

The Nature and Functions of Emotions.

The Adaptive Value of Emotions

The Nature of Emotions

Eliciting Stimuli

The Cognitive Component

The Physiological Component

The Behavioral Component

Interactions among the Components of Emotion 

The James-Lange Somatic Theory

The Cannon-Bard Theory

Stress, Coping, and health

Stress

Selye’s Concept of Stress

Coping With Stress

Stress and Illness

Heart Disease

Cancer

Chapter 8: Personality

The Psychodynamic Perspective 

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory

Psychic Energy and Mental Events

The Structure of Personality

Conflict, Anxiety, and Defense

Psychosexual Development

Freud’s Legacy: Neoanalytic and Object Relations

Approaches

Humanistic Perspective

Trait Perspective 

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factors

The Five Factor Model

Eysenck’s Extraversion-Stability Model

Social Cognitive Theories 

Julian Rotter: Expectancy, Reinforcement Value, And Locus of Control

Locus of control

Albert Bandura: Social Learning and Self-Efficacy

Self-Efficacy

Chapter 9: Personality Assessment

Interviews Behavioral Assessment

Personality Scales

Projective Tests

Rorschach Inkblots

Thematic Apperception Test

Personality Theory and Personality Assessment

Chapter 10: Psychological Disorders

Defining and Classifying Psychological Disorders

What is “Abnormal”?

Diagnosing Psychological Disorders

Anxiety Disorders

Phobic disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Panic Disorder

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

der

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Causal Factors in the Anxiety Disorders

Biological Factors

Psychological Factors

Mood (Affective) Disorders 

Depression

Bipolar Disorder

Causal Factors in Mood Disorders

Biological Factors

Psychological Factors

Somatoform Disorders

Dissociative Disorders 

Schizophrenia 

Characteristics of Schizophrenia Subtypes of Schizophrenia

Causal Factors in Schizophrenia

Biological Factors.

Psychological Factors

Personality Disorders 

Chapter 11: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Biological Treatment

Antipsychotic Drugs

Antidepressant Drugs

Antianxiety Drugs

Psychotherapy

Psychodynamic Therapies

Behavioral Therapies

Cognitive Therapies

Humanistic Therapies

Group and Family Therapy

Chapter 12: Summary of Materials for Further Readings

Scientific Study of Behavior

Scientific Principles in Psychology

Methods of Research: Descriptive/Correlational

Methods of Research: Experiments

The biological Basis of Behavior 

The Neural Basis of Behavior

The Nervous System

FULAS

The Hierarchical Brain: Structures and Behavioral

Functions

Plasticity in the Brain

States of Consciousness

The Puzzle of Consciousness

Circadian Rhythms: Our Daily Biological Clocks

Sleep and Dreaming

Drugs and Altered Consciousness

Hypnosis

Memory

Memory as Information Processing Encoding: Entering Information

Storage: Retaining Information

Retrieval: Accessing Information

Forgetting

Social Psychology

Glossary

Practice Test

Answers to Practice Test

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